明代赠序文创作的应用诉求与夸饰规避

Application invocation and exaggeration avoidance pattern of dedicatory preface in Ming Dynasty

赠序文是唐宋以来最为流行的实用文体,既有着士人们相对明确的写作目的,又隐含着相当复杂的创作心态。为冲淡赠序文行文过程中称颂、夸饰言辞的功利性、虚饰性,明代文人尝试过以强调文体内涵为夸饰正名、借历史空间感弱化夸饰、反复强调真挚情感、褒奖夸饰同时言其不足、变赠序文为讲学录等文学手段。从这五种行文手段的分析着手,结合其创作心态和写作目的,可以明确赠序文创作过程中文过饰非的现象与文人书写责任感之间的抵牾,以及书写者通过立论倾向的调整和立论材料的选择来淡化二者之间矛盾的尝试。

Dedicatory preface, with specific purpose and complicated creation mentality, has been the most pupular practical style since Tang Dynasty. To desalt utility and affectation in praise words of the preface, scholars in Ming Dynasty adopted several ways to emphasize stylistic function, add historical experiences, highlight true feelings,identify deficiencies and to transform to academic notes. The present essay attempts to analyze the writting type of scholars in Ming Dynasty between responsibility and communicative function.