海底工厂——海洋油气开发新技术

Subsea Factory——New Offshore Oil and Gas Development Technology

海洋油气开发的海底工厂技术是指将海底生产和处理技术要素与长距离多相运输、浮式生产设施以及管网等核心业务要素有机结合,实现海洋油气经济高效开发,具有提高油气采收率、减少对环境产生的影响、满足恶劣条件油气开发、提高流动保障等特点。通过介绍海底工厂的特点和挪威国家石油公司海底工厂研发计划,分析了海底工厂的组成要素和关键技术,包括海底增压、海底气体压缩、海底分离与产出水回注和海底输配电系统等,针对不同油气藏开发特点,海底工厂分为褐色、绿色、面向市场等不同类型。

Subsea factory technology of offshore oil and gas development is to combine the technological elements of subseaproduction and processing together with the key business elements of long-distance multiphase transportation, floatingproduction facilities and pipeline network to bring about high-efficiency offshore oil and gas development. This combinationcan improve oil and gas production factor, reduce influence on the environment, maintain oil and gas development underthe harsh conditions and improve flow assurance solutions. This paper briefs about the characteristics of subsea factoryand Statoil’s research plan for subsea factory technology and analyzes the integral elements and key technologies of subseafactory, including subsea pressure boosting, gas compression, separation and re-injection of produced water, and subsea powertransmission and distribution system. The subsea factories are divided into different types, such as brown, green and marketoriented,according to the development characteristics of different oil and gas reservoirs.