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肿瘤患者需要节食吗?

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摘要 控制饮食最早应用于预防疾病、治疗内分泌疾病以及延缓衰老等相关领域。随着肿瘤研究的不断深入与发展,发现饮食与肿瘤发生、发展有着密切关系,因此如何饮食成为目前肿瘤患者普遍关注的一个话题。肿瘤是一种代谢性疾病,早在1924年,德国科学家WarburgOH就发现了肿瘤细胞“有氧糖酵解”的代谢特征,并因此获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖[1]。肿瘤细胞分裂增殖迅速,需要合成大量ATP来提供能量,肿瘤细胞表面葡萄糖转运体(glucosetransporter,GLUT)表达明显升高,肿瘤细胞50%的ATP来自葡萄糖的有氧糖酵解,因此葡萄糖成为肿瘤细胞分裂和增殖的直接能量来源。另外,糖酵解代谢产物--乳酸,在肝脏内糖异生重新形成葡萄糖继续为肿瘤细胞的增殖与分化提供能量;同时,肿瘤微环境中糖酵解往往伴随大量炎性因子产生,这是肿瘤患者恶液质的重要原因。因此葡萄糖成为肿瘤代谢调节治疗的重要靶点,针对糖酵解相关的代谢通路如GLUT、M2型丙酮酸激酶(pyruvatekinasesubtypeM2,PKM2)等都进行了深入的研究并取得了较好的抗癌效果,很多药物目前正进行临床试验。
作者 宁涛 巴一
出处 《肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志》 2016年第3期131-134,共4页 Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer
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