日本儿童自立支援设施对我国工读教育的启示

The Revelation of Japanese Stand on Its Own Support Facilities for Children on Chinese Reform Education

日本问题儿童救助机构历史悠久,可以追溯到1883年的"感化院",经历了"慈善性"的儿童救助、"青少年教护院"到"儿童自立支援设施"的历史发展与变革。历史的积淀形成了当前日本本土的、鲜明的和成熟的教育治理问题儿童的矫治模式——"自立支援"模式,在此基础上,对比中国工读教育的发展情况,得到"五点"启示:儿童本位,制度保障的基本理念;系统立法,给予充分的社会保障;家庭中心:重视归属与爱的需求;多元支持,健全的儿童保障体系;渐进发展,走出别样的制度模式。

Japan’s problem child aid agency has a long history, dating back to 1883 “rehab”, and experienced the history of development and change of “charity save the children”, “youth teaching widely” to “stand on its own support facilities for children”, and the accumulation of history has formed the current Japanese bright, mature treatments of the problem of children education governance model -“autonomy support”.This paper compared the development of China’s reform situation, proposed the “five” revelation: children’s standard, the basic idea of system security; the social security legislation system;family center, attaching importance to the needs of belonging and love;multiple support, improving the children’s security system; and gradual development, out of the different system modes, hoping to provide the beneficial reference for the sustainable development of Chinese reform education.