东晋小农家庭经济状况分析——以经济支出为中心

An Analysis of the Status of the Eastern Jin Dynasty's Small-farmer Household Economy: Centering on the Cost of Living

中古时期的小农生计的研究越来越受到学界的重视。魏晋南北朝时期,政治分裂,社会动荡,在有限的资料下从事小农生计研究有一定的困难。在分析东晋时期小农家庭垦田数、赋役制度、货币购买力等基础上,结合小农家庭年度经济支出项目,通过实物和货币两种衡量标准,可以相对准确地把握小农家庭经济状况。在不违农时且役和杂调较轻时,小农家庭是有结余的,可以实现"七年储供一年需"。但小农经济具有不稳定性。总的来看,东晋南朝时期,小农家庭生产生活状况有恶化的趋势。

The small-farmer livelihood in the middle ancient times has been paid more and more attention to in the academic circles. During the period of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, political division and social unrest brought about the difficulties to the study of the small peasant livelihood due to limited literature.By analyzing the Eastern Jin Dynasty’s fields cultivated by small-farmer families, the system of taxes and corvee, the purchasing power of money and other basic analysis, combined with the peasant household annual spending projects, and both physical and monetary measurement, we can grasp the relatively accurate peasant family economic conditions. When the farming seasons could be observed, and miscellaneous affairs were not heavy, small-farmer families could have surplus, and achieve the “seven years of storage for one year to spent”.But small-farmer household economy is not stable. Overall, during the East Jin and South Dynasties, peasant household production and living conditions kept worsening.