轮作和连作对大豆农艺性状及产量的影响

Effect of Monoculture, Rotation on Agronomic Traits and Yield in Maize and Soybean

近几年,作物轮作现象严重,为研究连作、轮作对玉米和大豆农艺性状及产量的影响,2009—2014年进行长期定位试验。结果表明,玉米和大豆不同年限轮作后,对玉米的株高影响不显著,而对大豆的株高影响非常显著;玉米开花期和成熟期干物质量、单株粒重、单位面积产量均为T3(豆-豆-玉)最大,大豆开花期和成熟期干物质量、单株粒重、单位面积产量均为T2(豆-玉)最大;玉米单位面积产量T3(豆-豆-玉)达10 954.82kg/hm^2,较T1(玉米连作)增产27.37%,大豆单位面积产量T2(豆-玉)达2128.46 kg/hm^2,较T9(大豆连作)增产26.89%,可见,玉米和大豆不同年限轮作可有效提高2种作物的产量。

The effects of monoculture, rotation on agronomic traits and yield in maize and soybean were investigated. The results showed that maize plant height was not affected, but soybean plant height was affected significantly. The greatest maize dry weight at tasseling and seed weight as well as yield per unit area were observed in T3 treatment, while the greatest soyean dry weight at flowering, and seed weight and yield per unit area were found in T2 treatment. The highest maize yield was achieved in T3 treatment of 10 959 kg/hm2 which was 27.4% higher than that of T1 treatment, The highest soybean yield was 2128 kg/hm2 in T2 treatment which was 26.9% higher than that of T9 treatment.