基于改进声线跟踪法的室内交通噪声动态模拟

An improved ray tracing method for dynamic simulation of traffic noise in indoor space

对碰撞点的有效性判断是传统声线跟踪法的一个重要步骤,在计算复杂的室内空间问题时计算量较大,为解决这一问题采用了一种与空间剖分相结合的改进的声线跟踪法。将该方法与微观交通流仿真和车辆噪声排放模型进行结合,实现了道路交通噪声透过窗户在多连通室内空间传播的动态模拟。最后采用该方法对相同道路和交通流条件下不同建筑朝向的4种布局室内噪声进行动态模拟。分析了室内交通噪声的大小和分布与建筑物布局、窗户的朝向、窗户的形式和面积等因数之间的关系。结果表明:窗户正对道路的房间比窗户侧对道路的房间噪声高4～6 d B(A),房间内等效声级与窗户面积的对数成正比关系。

The validity check of collision point is an important process in classical ray tracing method, but it may take massive calculation while calculating a complex interior space. In order to solve this problem,an improved ray tracing method combining with space partition is adopted to omit the validity check. The dynamic process of road traffic noise passing through the window and propagating inside the building on the roadside is simulated, by combining this method with the microscopic traffic flow simulation and a vehicle noise emission model. Finally, the traffic noise propagations in 4 different layouts of interior spaces are simulated respectively using the presented method. The relationships between indoor traffic noise intensity and building orientation, direction of windows, type of windows, and area of windows are analyzed. The results show that,the noise in the room with window facing forward the road is 46 dB(A) higher than that facing lateral the road, and the equivalent sound level in the room is proportional to the logarithm of the window area.