紧急情况下城市轨道隧道客流疏散配流模型研究

Passenger Assignment Model for Emergency Evacuation in Metro Rail Tunnels

对火灾等紧急情况下城市轨道隧道内停驶列车上的旅客疏散过程分析表明,旅客疏经由纵向疏散平台和横向联络通道疏散至安全区域的效率受列车车门与隧道横向通道通行能力的双重约束。将隧道疏散空间划分成不同分区,构建车门到可能疏散联络通道的疏散网络,给定各区域待疏散人数,以疏散时间最短为目标函数,构造疏散网络配流模型,将各区域人员合理分配到不同联络通道,最终实现高效人员疏散。在联络通道间距150m、隧道与列车间纵向疏散平台宽度分别取0.6m、0.8m、1.0m时,采用配流模型分配客流,运用AnyLogic软件计算疏散时间,并进行对比验证。结果表明:采用配流方式合理组织人员疏散可有效提高城市轨道隧道客流疏散效率。

According to the analysis of the passenger evacuation process when a train stops in metro rail tunnels under emergency situations such as a fire,the evacuation efficiency through the longitudinal evacuation plat-form and transverse connecting passage evacuation to a safe area is affected by the capacity of train doors and transverse connecting passage.Thus the tunnel evacuation space was divided into different zones to construct an evacuation network from each train door to the transverse connecting passages.With given number of pas-sengers to be evacuated from each zone,and with minimum evacuation time as the obj ective function,the pas-senger assignment model for the constructed evacuation network was built.With reasonable assigning of pas-sengers in different zones onto different evacuation routes, an efficient passenger evacuation process was a-chieved.Finally,when the connecting passage spacing was 150 m,and the width of longitudinal evacuation platform between the tunnel and the train was set to be 0.6 m,0.8 m and 1.0 m respectively in different simu-lations,the passenger assignment model was used to assign passenger flow to different evacuation routes, while a commercial software,Anylogic was used to calculate and verify the evacuation time.Results showed great improvement of the evacuation efficiency with the assignment model.