“清算”好莱坞:论战后中国对美国电影的批评模式(1945—1950)

China's Criticism Modes of American Films in 1945—1950

从抗战胜利到新中国成立前后,在政治形势的影响下,好莱坞电影在华经历了由兴盛到衰落,再到被清除的历史命运。随着国内形势的不断变化,对好莱坞电影的批评也经历了从批评到批判,再到限制放映,直到抗美援朝时期实行全国性清除这样一个层层递进的过程。本文将从"个体式"批评、"集体式"限制和"全国性"审判三个层面,详述战后对美国电影的批评模式,意在揭示战后政治语境与美国电影在华的生存空间之间的相互关系,反思在特殊的历史时期,电影批评对电影市场的影响性作用。

From 1945 to 1950, owing to the influence of China's political situation, the destiny ofHollywood movies in China has experienced a process from rise to decline, and then to be clearedout. With the changing of the domestic situation, Chinese attitude to Hollywood movies also experienceda process from criticism to restriction in screen, then clearance till the Korean War period.This article will exhibit the progress from three levels, which are the “individual style” criticism,“ collective” restriction and “ national” judgment. By analyzing the criticism mode of American mov-ies in postwar period, the study can reveal the relationship between Sino-US political context and theliving space of Hollywood movies in China, and rethink the impact of film criticism in a special historicalperiod.