国际贸易提高了中国制造业的碳生产率吗?

Does International Trade Improve the Carbon Productivity in China's Manufacturing?

在低碳约束条件下,提高碳生产率是实现经济增长和控制CO2排放的唯一出路,中国提高碳生产率的关键在于制造业。本文首先通过构建非径向、非导向的全域SBM方向性距离函数,运用DEA方法对我国制造业行业的碳生产率进行测算,然后将低碳约束纳入新贸易理论中,对国际贸易、技术进步与碳生产率之间的关系进行实证研究。研究发现:(1)中国制造业的碳生产率保持了年均5.93%的增长率,技术进步是其变动的主要因素;(2)国际贸易对中国制造业的技术进步和碳生产率的提升均具有显著的促进作用,进口的促进作用强于出口;(3)企业规模的扩大和研发强度的加大并不能有效提高碳生产率,但发展清洁行业和高技术行业、优化能源消费结构是提高中国制造业碳生产率的有效途径。

The only way to achieve economic growth and CO2 emission controlling is to improve carbon productivity under the condition of low carbon constraint, and the manufacturing is the key for Chinese carbon productivity improving.In this paper, we measure carbon productivities of 26 Chinese manufacturing industries by using Global Malmquist-Luenberger index that is from directional distance function based on non-radial, non-oriented and Slack-based measure,and have an empirical analysis between international trade, technical progress and the growth of carbon productivity.The study found: (1) Carbon productivity in China's manufacturing industry has maintained an average annual growth rate of 5.93% and technology change is the main factor of the change. (2) International trade has a significant effect in promoting the technical progress and carbon productivity of China's manufacturing, and the promotion of import is stronger than that of export. (3) The expansion of enterprise scale and the increase of R&D intensity cannot effectively improve the carbon productivity of China's manufacturing, while the optimization of industry structure and energy consumption structure are the effective way to improve the carbon productivity of China's manufacturing.