温度和盐度对大珠母贝稚贝存活和生长的互作效应

Combined Effects of Temperature and Salinity on the Survival and Growth Rate of Juveniles of Pinctada maxima

采用中心复合设计法和响应曲面分析法，研究温度（16～32℃）和盐度（22～38）2个因素对大珠母贝（Pinctadamaxima）稚贝存活和生长的互作效应。结果表明，温度的一次效应、温度和盐度的二次效应以及温盐的互作效应对存活率、壳长日增长和壳高日增长的影响极显著（P＜0.01），盐度的一次效应对存活率的影响显著（P＜0.05），但盐度的一次效应和温盐的互作效应对壳长日增长和壳高日增长的影响不显著（P＞0.05）；存活率、壳长日增长和壳高日增长模型的决定系数分别为0.9692、0.9842、0.9795，校正决定系数分别为0.9385、0.9684、0.9590，3个模型均具有较好拟合度，可用于大珠母贝存活率、壳长日增长和壳高日增长预测。经模型优化，在存活最佳温盐组合25.01℃、盐度30.34条件下，存活率为95%；形态性状生长最佳温盐组合25.54℃、盐度31.70条件下，壳长和壳高日增长分别为2.01、1.79mm/d。

By using two-factor central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology(RSM),the synergistic effect of temperature (16 – 32 ℃) and salinity (22 – 38) on the survival andgrowth of juveniles of Pinctada maxima are studied. The results show that the linear and quadraticeffects of temperature on juvenile survival rate, growth of shell length and shell height are significantparticularly (P<0.01). The linear effects of salinity on juvenile survival rate are significant (P<0.05)but the linear effect of salinity and the interaction effect of temperature and salinity on the growth ofshell length and shell height is not significant (P > 0.05). By response surface methodology, a modelequation is established for the relationship of juvenile survival rate, growth of shell length and shellheight to the two factors, with the R2 of 0.969 2, 0.984 2, 0.979 5, correction coefficients are respectively0.938 5, 0.959 0, 0.968 4, suggesting that the fitting capability of the model was satisfactory and couldbe practicably applied for prediction on response values. Based on the established model, the survival rate reached the maximum (95%) at the 2-factor combination of 25.54 ℃/ 31.70. The growth of shelllength and shell height have reached their maximum (2.01, 1.79 mm/d) when the 2- factor combinationis 25.01 ℃/ 30.34. The research results can provide reference to the cultivation of juveniles of Pinctadamaxima and artificial breeding.