矿井回采工作面隐蔽灾害综合物探技术研究

Complex Geophysical Prospecting of Hide Disaster of Mining Working Face in Mine

采用槽波地震法、无线电波透视法、瞬变电磁法、音频电透视法来查明晋煤矿区采煤工作面区域隐蔽灾害情况,提前采取防治措施以保证安全回采。探测结果表明:槽波地震法、无线电波透视法均可探测工作面内部断层、陷落柱和煤厚变化带等隐蔽地质体;槽波地震法可实现盘区以及超宽工作面探测,并可探测瓦斯富集区、应力集中区,对陷落柱反映敏感,探测精度高;无线电波透视法对断层等构造反映灵敏,可以探测中小断距断层,实现精确定位;瞬变电磁法、音频电透视法可探测工作面区域富水情况,瞬变电磁法探测范围广,可实现煤层周边区域全空间360°范围探测;音频电透视法可探测煤层内部富水情况,也可用于探测复杂采动的复采工作面,对空巷、房柱式采空区探测效果极佳。针对采煤工作面的地质条件,合理选用上述一种或几种物探方法,可实现工作面隐蔽构造的精细探测,为工作面安全回采提供保障。

Hide disasters of mining working face of Jin coal mine district were detected by channel wave seismic method, radio wavepenetration method, transient electromagnetic method, audio-frequency electrical penetration, and safety mining could be ensured bysome ahead control measures. The results of exploration showed that some hide geological body like fault in working face, collapse columnand coal seam thickness variation zone could be detected by all channel wave seismic method and radio wave penetration method,panel and extra width working face exploration could be realized by channel wave seismic method, and methane concentration area andstress concentration area could be detected also, it is sensitive for collapse column and exploration precision high. Radio wave penetrationmethod is sensitive for some structures like fault, some small and middle separation fault could be detected precision; water richsituation of working face could be detected by transient electromagnetic method and audio-frequency electrical penetration, transient electromagneticmethod could explored all 360° region, audio-frequency electrical penetration not only detected water rich situation, butalso explored complex working face with complex mining, it had an excellent effects for abandon roadway and goaf of room and pillar.To the geological situation of coal mining working face, exquisite exploration could be realized by one or some detective method,and provide safeguard for working face safety mining.