摘要
GPS是应用最为广泛的室外定位系统,随着技术的发展精度不断提升.然而城市中,由于GPS卫星信号被建筑遮挡,仍然可能产生较大的多径误差.此类误差已称为城市GPS定位误差的主要成分.评估城市道路中环境对GPS精度的负面影响,即环境的GPS友好度,将有助于对不同地段GPS的误差范围进行预判,从而提升位置服务相关应用的用户体验,并为理解环境特征与多径误差的关系,确定在何处部署辅助定位的设备提供支持.为此,提出了1种通过处理和分析海量公交车GPS轨迹历史数据,从而评估城市主要路段的环境友好性的方法.该方法充分利用公交车运行线路固定的特点,大幅提升数据处理的效率;针对路网数据可能存在的错误,提出了容错性的方案;利用相同车辆及相同路段在GPS误差上存在的内在关联,对缺失数据进行补全;并充分考虑到不同质量GPS端设备对环境友好性评估的影响,确定了基于端设备质量加权的评估计算策略.利用成都市二环内的4 869辆公交车1个月的数据,对共计5 648个不同路段的环境友好性进行了评估,并通过卫星地图和街景照片,分析验证了方法结果的合理性.
GPS is the most widely-used outdoor positioning system.With the advance of relevanttechnologies,positioning accuracy of GPS has been increasing continuously.However,as the GPSsatellite signal can be blocked by buildings,multi-path error becomes the major cause of positioningerror in a city.Evaluating the negative effects of GPS error on urban environments,which is referredas environment friendliness in this paper,will help the prediction of GPS error range in different roadsegments.Furthermore,it enhances user experiences of location-based services,reveals therelationship between environmental characteristics and multi-path error,and helps to determine whereto deploy supplementary positioning devices.In this paper,we have proposed an urban roadfriendliness evaluation(U R FE)approach,based on the processing and analyzing of massive historicalbus GPS trajectory data.Specifically,U RFE first takes full advantage of the unique features of fixedbus routes to significantly improve the efficiency of data processing.Then,it adopts a fault-tolerantmethod to deal with the possible errors of street maps;Finally,U RFE completes the missing data byutilizing the inherent relationship between GPS errors of the same cars and roads,and utilizes anevaluation strategy by taking the influence of different GPS terminal devices5qualities into account.Using the bus trajectory data within the second ring road of Chengdu during one month,we evaluatethe effectiveness of our approach.Environments friendliness of5648different road segments has beenevaluated,whose rationality has been verified by checking real satellite maps and street views.
作者
马连韬
王亚沙
彭广举
赵宇昕
何远舵
高敬月
Ma Liantao;Wang Yasha;Peng Guangju;Zhao Yuxin;He Yuanduo;and Gao Jingyue(Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies(Peking University),Ministry of Education,Beijing100871;School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science,Peking University,Beijing 100871);National Engineering Research Center of Software Engineering(Peking University),Beijing 100871);Beida (Binhai)Information Research,Tianjin 300450))
出处
《计算机研究与发展》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第12期2694-2707,共14页
Journal of Computer Research and Development
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(91546203)~~
关键词
位置服务
GPS误差
数据分析
地图匹配
智慧城市
location based service
GPS positioning error
data analysis
map matching
smart city