新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州家犬棘球绦虫感染和家畜棘球蚴病流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation on Echinococcus granulosus infections in dogs and livestock in Xinjiang Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture

目的了解新疆克州家犬和家畜棘球蚴病的流行范围和程度，为棘球蚴病防治提供依据。方法克州境内的1市3县（阿图什市、阿克陶县、乌恰县和阿合奇县），每市（县）按照东西南北方位分层随机抽取农业区、牧业区和城镇共27个调查乡/镇，每户仅采集1条犬，每市（县）至少采集320份的粪样。在屠宰季节，每个市（县）选取当地繁育的2齿龄以上的家畜1000头（包括羊、牛、马等）进行调查。结果共检测犬粪样2219份，阳性率为3.33%（74/2219）。乌恰县阳性率（7.50%）与阿克陶县（5.94%）、阿图什市（2.14%）与阿合奇县（1.25%）差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.62和1.06，P>0.05）；乌恰县和阿克陶县阳性率高于阿图什市和阿合奇县（χ2=23.41~10.15，P<0.05）。共调查屠宰家畜3796头，包虫包囊携带率为7.67%；其中羊、马、牦牛和黄牛携带率分别为3.08%、1.92%和1.04%；山羊未查出包囊。羊与马、马与牦牛和黄牛的携带率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.51、0.28和1.57，P>0.05）；羊携带率高于牦牛和黄牛（χ2=8.85和20.82，P<0.05）。结论克州棘球蚴病的犬粪抗原阳性率和家畜包囊携带率比以前相对较低，但流行状况仍然比较严重。建议对农（牧）区和城镇居民开展卫生宣传教育，加强家犬管理，提高人群防病意识，有效降低人群感染率。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of echinococcosis in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Pre?fecture of Xingjiang for providing evidences in control and prevention of this disease.Methods Stratified ran?dom sampling method was used to investigate the Echinococcus granulosus infection status in dogs and livestock inArtux area of Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture(including administrative Akto County,Akqi county andUlugqat county).Sampling was orientated in the agricultural zones and pasturing area by the east,west,southand north distribution in27villages/towns.320portions of fecal samples were collected from one dog in indi?vidual house,and additionally,viscus samples were obtained from1000livestock(aged over2years,includingsheep,cattle and horse)during the slaughter season.Results A total of2219portions of feces from dogs weredetected with double antibody sandwich ELISA.The overall positive rate was3.33%(74/2219),and the posi?tive rate varied among counties(Ulugqat,7.50%;Akto,5.94%;Artux,2.14%;Akqi,1.25%),however,the dif?ference was not significant(χ2=0.62,1.06,P>0.05).Ulugqat and Akto county had higher positive rate than Ar?tux and Akqi(χ2=23.41~10.15,P<0.05).Of the3796livestock investigated,Echinococcus granulosus infectionwas7.69%(291/3796),and the infection was3.08%,1.92%and1.04%for sheep,horse and yak,respectively.Echinococcus granulosus infection was absent in goats,and the infection rate was not significant between animalspecies(χ2=2.51;0.28;1.57,P>0.05),yet the sheep had higher infection rate than yak and cattle(χ2=8.85;20.82,P<0.05).Conclusion Although Echinococcus granulosus infection seems relatively lower in dogs and live?stock in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in current stage,yet echinococcosis prevalence cannot be over?looked.Health education,strengthened management on the dogs,and improved risk awareness remain essential to the local farmers and herdsmen in reducing the echinococcosis.