隐私权侵害行为分级研究——基于我国隐私案例的实证分析

On classification of privacy infringement action:An empirical analysis of privacy cases in China

"隐私"概念的可变性使得隐私权的理论及立法的滞后性严重,而对案例进行归纳有利于"及时"把握权利人的诉求。通过分析我国现有的隐私案例,将隐私权侵害行为进行分级,以规范法官的判案标准,既能够提高法官判案效率,又能够为未来隐私权体系构建提供参考。通过梳理"北大法宝"数据库中的隐私案例,提取影响判决结果的因素,利用列联表检验和有序logistic回归对影响因素和判决结果进行了分析,得出:隐私权侵害内容和扩散范围与判决结果具有正相关性,并得到了它们对判决结果的影响程度,这为隐私权侵害行为的分级提供了保障和依据。最后,依据分析结果分别对各影响因素进行赋值,在充分考虑隐私权的限制规则后将隐私权侵害行为分成了四个等级。

Privacy theory and legislation are lagging behind the development of the times with variability of the conceptof “privacy,” and inducing cases can help grasp the rights in holders’ claim more “timely.” By analyzing the existingprivacy cases, the present essay classifies infringement action to regulate the judges’ judgment standards, which canimprove the accuracy and efficiency of activist judges and can also provide reference to building privacy system in thefuture. The present essay, by collecting privacy cases in “Bei Da Fa Bao” database, extracting the factors that affect theverdict, and making orderly use of contingency table test and ordinal logistic regression in analyzing the influencingfactors and the outcome, concludes that the privacy violation contents and the diffusion range are associated with theverdict, and that their influence on the verdict can be accurately obtained in proportion to the degree and relevantdirection. This provides guarantee and basis to classification of privacy infringement action. Finally, the present studyevaluates respectively the OR value of ordinal logistic regression analysis, and classifies privacy infringement actioninto four levels on the basis of fully considering the restriction rules of the privacy regulations.