新常态下的中国教育公平问题探讨：基于社会流动的视角

The Exploration into the Problem of Education Equality in the New Normal Economy: From the Perspective of Social Mobility

经济发展新常态下,合理的社会流动是中国摆脱"中等收入陷阱"、激发创新活力和推动经济发展的关键。实证研究表明,我国教育基尼系数有了很大程度的改善,教育变得越来越公平;我国父代收入对子代具有显著影响,代际收入流动性逐渐变小,尽管近几年有上升趋势,但处于中等偏下水平;教育公平与代际收入流动性之间呈现单向因果关系。进一步推动教育公平,政府部门须采取措施不断优化教育资源配置,促进教育均衡发展;完善教育资助体系,为弱势群体向上流动提供保障;大力发展学前教育、特殊教育,确保教育机会公平;深化市场经济体制改革,提高动态收入公平。

Under the New Normal economy, reasonable social mobility is the key factor that helps Chinese people toget rid of the“Middle- income Trap”, stimulates creativity, and promotes the economy growth. The research shows thateducation GINI coefficient in China has been improved greatly, which implies that education is becoming more and morefair. .However as parents’incomes have significant influence on their children’s in China, the mobility of intergenerationincome becomes smaller, despite of the rising trend in recent years, but still below the average level in the world; There is aone- way cause- effect relationship and a two- way interactive relationship between Education GINI coefficient andintergenerational income mobility. To further push forward education equality, the government must take measures tooptimize allocation of education resources, which promotes the rational flow of social classes, to perfect the educationfunding system, which ensures the disadvantaged groups to have upward channels, to vigorously develop the pre- schooleducation and special education, which guarantees fair education opportunities, and to deepen the reform of the marketeconomy system which increases the equality of dynamic income.