全脊椎切除术治疗颈椎肿瘤进展

颈椎肿瘤(cerival tumor)可分为原发性和继发性,是严重危害人类健康疾病之一。虽发病率较低,但致残率和致死率较高^([1])。由于局部解剖结构复杂,毗邻重要血管、神经及脊髓,完整切除肿瘤组织手术风险及难度远远大于颈椎常规手术^([2])。随着脊柱肿瘤生物学研究和脊柱外科技术进步,颈椎肿瘤的诊断、治疗理念也有革命性变革,手术治疗已成为主要方法之一。其中全脊椎切除即可最大可能切除肿瘤,减少局部复发率,又可提高生存质量,减轻癌性疼痛及身心折磨^([3])。本文就颈椎肿瘤诊断、外科分型及术前评估、全脊椎手术方式、适应症、并发症和禁忌症以及生存率作一综述。

Cervical tumor, which can be classified into primary and secondary, is one of the serious diseases that affect people. The disability and mortality rate is high considering the low morbidity. It is much more diffculte and risky for the complete resection of tumor than normal cervical operation because of the anatomic structure and close to important blood vessels, nerves and spinal cord. Along with the improvement of spinal tumor biology and advances in spinal surgery, the diagnosis and treatment of cervical tumor has a revolutionary change and surgery has become one of the main treatments. Total spondylectomy can remove most part of tumor and reduce the recurrence rate and cancerous pain so that to increase life quality. This article makes summary of the diagnosis, clinical classification, preoperative evaluation, surgical approach, indication, complication,contraindications and survival rate of cervical tumor.