三四等水准测量教学的测站图示法

Station Pictorial Method for Third and Fourth Order Leveling Teaching

三、四等水准测量步骤严谨、数据繁多、计算复杂。为了使观测过程形象化、具体化,提出测站图示法,用模型表示前后视,用数字表示操作顺序,用位置表示变量意义,用线型(原文为"颜色")或上标表示数据关系,因此把仪器操作、原始数据、检核数据及记录表格联系起来。测站模型可做成教科书插图、教学挂图、交互动画,便于教师讲解和交互测验。

The third and fourth order leveling has strict theory basis and strong operational requirements. In order to make the measure procedures more visual and concrete, a station pictorial model was presented. Simple models were used to denote foresight and backsight, digitals were adopted to show the observation and calculation sequence and the locations of these numbers could indicate the significances and the concepts of the measuring and calculating variables,line types or superscript represented the mathematical relationshipof these data. So the pictorial model can link measure steps, originalmeasure variable, checking data and recording table. The pictorialmodel can be made into a textbook illustration, teaching charts and interaction animation which is easy for teaching and interactive training.