静电纺丝法制备硅碳纳米纤维及其在锂钠离子电池中的应用

Electrospun Silicon and Carbon Nanofibers for Advanced Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries

静电纺丝法由于具有工艺简单、功能多样等优点,是一种重要的制备一维锂钠离子电池纳米结构电极材料的方法。目前,已有大量利用静电纺丝技术制备高性能电极材料的研究报道,但具有系统性和针对性的综述论文尚十分有限。碳材料是最早被研究且已实现商业化的锂离子电池负极材料,硅材料则是理论容量最高的负极材料,因此,两者一直是学术界和工业界关注的重点;但碳材料理论容量低和硅材料体积变化大的问题严重阻碍了各自更广泛的实际应用。静电纺丝技术被证明是一种可以解决上述问题的十分有效的方法。因此,本文系统地综述了静电纺丝法制备的硅基和碳基纳米纤维在锂钠离子电池负极材料上的应用和发展,重点从静电纺丝原理、硅碳材料的设计及合成、结构的调控与优化、复合材料的制备到电化学性能的提高等方面作了详细介绍和讨论,同时也指出静电纺丝法在大规模生产中的不足及未来可能的发展方向。希望此综述可以为先进储能材料(尤其是硅基和碳基纳米电极材料)的设计和制备提供一些有益的指导和帮助。

Electrospinning technology has been an important method in the preparation of 1D nanostructured electrodematerials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its advantages of the simplicity andversatility. A mass of research articles have reported that the electrochemical performance of electrospun electrodematerials can be improved, but systematic and targeted corresponding reviews are still very limited. Carbon, the mostmature commercialized anode materials, and silicon, the anode materials with the highest theoretical capacity, haveattracted huge interests from the academia and industry. However, the low theoretical capacity of carbon and large volumechange of silicon have extremely hindered their further broad application and development. Excitingly, the electrospinningtechnology is proved to be a very effective method to address the above issues. In this review, we systematicallysummarize the application and development of electrospun anode nanomaterials for LIBs and SIBs, especially the siliconandcarbon-based nanofibers. More importantly, a detailed introduction and proper discussion of nanomaterials from theprinciple of electrospinning, design and synthesis of silicon and carbon nanomaterials, modulation and optimization ofmicrostructure, and preparation of nano-composite to the improvement of electrochemical property is given. Finally, thechallenges of electrospinning technology in mass production and the possible development tendency are also pointed out.This review would be helpful in the design and preparation for advanced energy-storage materials, especially for thesilicon- and carbon-based nanostructured electrode materials.