《礼运》“大同”说的实质与意义

The Essence and Significance of Great Harmony Thought in Confucian Classic Li Yun

尽管人们多言《礼运》是儒学乃至中国思想文化的重要文献,但由于对其成篇时代认识上存在分歧,实际大大降低了该篇的价值。实际上,《礼运》是极其重要的孔子思想文献,汉人编辑《礼记》和孔安国撰集《孔子家语》,他们收入该篇时或者都有各自的编辑动机,但二者肯定有极大不同。《礼运》本属于孔子与子游论礼之言,我们不能因《礼记》等进行过某种程度的加工而否定其主要思想属于孔子。在这些问题上产生疑虑,实际是由于对《孔子家语》成书时代不明造成的。看到了《孔子家语》成书问题的真相,就可以消除对《礼运》成书问题的疑虑。只有认识这一点,才能把握孔子大同思想的实质,理解该篇的重要价值。

Though many people consider Li Yun as an important document of Confucianism and even of Chinese ideology culture, its value is less recognized, for people have different views on when it was completed. In fact, it is a quite important document of Confucianism. Li Ji compiled by Han people and Confucius Jia Yu (Confucius Family Words) by Kong Anguo, each has its own motivation when collecting Li Yun to their books, but both have quite different motivation from each other. Li Ji should be the remarks on rites discussed between Confucius and Zi-you (a well-known pupil of Confucius), and one can’t deny the main thought of it originates from that of Confucius just for a certain improvement of it. And the query about it comes from the uncertainty of its completing time. Recognizing the truth of the completing problem of Confucius Jia Yu can remove the query about that of Li Yun. Only when this point of view is realized can we grasp the essence of Confucius great harmony thought, and then realize the important value of Li Yun.