董仲舒“天人理论”对汉代政治合法性的构建

The Influences of Dong Zhongshu's “Theory of Heaven and Man” on the Construction of the Political Legality of the Han Dynasty

政治合法性问题是历代统治者的忧虑,西汉初年也不例外。董仲舒为汉家天下的长治久安从天为主宰和天人感应中寻找合法性依据,他确立了"以人随君,以君随天"的理论基础,将君王的品德置于政治合法性讨论的核心,指出新王改制的本质是奉天行事,顺时而为是传统合法性的表现,行政制衡源于五行的相生相克的关系,三纲的确定源于阴阳虚实关系。总之董仲舒构建汉代政治统治合法性的思考在根本上是为时政寻找合法性的论证,为天下寻找安定的根源。

The issue of political legality has been the great concern of the rulers in all dynasties, and the rulers in early Western Han Dynasty are no exception. In order to maintain the permanent peace and stability of the Han Dynasty,Dong Zhongshu tried to find the basis of legality from the dominating Heaven and the telepathy between Heaven and Man, established the theoretical basis of “People should obey their kings and kings should obey Heaven” and took kings’ moral character as the core of discussion around political legality. He pointed out that the essence of a new king’s system reform was to follow the orders of Heaven, that doing things with the times was the manifestation of traditional legality, that administrative balance stemmed from mutual promotion and restraint between the five elements, and that the determination of three cardinal guiding principles resulted from the visible and invisible relationships between Yin and Yang. In a word, Dong Zhongshu’s thinking of the construction of the political legality of the Han Dynasty was basically to seek legitimate argument for the current politics and the source of stability for the whole country.