简析藏传佛教格鲁派寺庙的分布发展

A Brief Analysis on the Distribution of the Gelug Sect Temples of Tibetan Buddhism

后弘期的藏传佛教具有更强烈的本土特色,教派诸多,在经历了多次的政权和教权的更迭后,自公元17世纪起,由宗喀巴大师创立的格鲁派成为了藏传佛教中最具影响力和实力的第一大教派。以时间为主线,从教派的历史渊源、教派发展的一般过程、宗教与政治的结合以及政治势力的均衡等四个方面对藏传佛教格鲁派发展过程进行阐述;对噶当派势力的继承、格鲁派宗教首领频繁的外交活动、中央政府赐予的政教合一的管理权利以及清政府对格鲁派不同势力集团的扶植等因素最终促成了格鲁派寺庙遍布藏区及清皇家核心宗教地区的分布特点。

The Tibetan Buddhism in the Houhong period is of stronger native characteristics with various sects.After the frequent changes of regime and religious rules, the Gelug Sect founded by the master Tsongkhapabecame the major sect, which is most influential and strong in Tibetan Buddhism since 17th century. The papertakes the time as a main line, expounds the development of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism in four aspectssuch as the historical origin, the general development process, the unification of religion and politics, and abalance of political powers. Besides the factors like the inheritance of the Kadampa’s power, the frequentdiplomatic activities of the Gelug Sect religious leaders, the theocracy management rights granted by the centralgovernment, the support of different groups of Gelug Sect by the government of Qing dynasty and others, led tothe distribution characteristics of Tibetan Gelugpa temples all over the Tibetan areas and throughout the Imperialcore religious areas of Qing dynasty.