钢铁生产过程的能源高效配置与余能梯级利用研究报告

Efficient Energy Configuration and Residual Energy Cascade Utilization in Steel Production Process

在中低温余热蒸汽利用方面，该研究提出的新型三吸附器空气预纯化流程，可实现空分装置TSA预纯化系统节能30%左右，对于完成钢铁生产节能降耗任务具有积极的现实作用；通过建立TSA过程数学模型并进行数值模拟，理论上证明了三吸附器空气预纯化流程的节能效果显著和纯化性能可靠；为了进一步验证理论预测，对该流程进行了实验研究，初步实验验证了三吸附器空气预纯化流程的产品空气质量符合工业标准。在钢铁生产过程的蒸汽波动规律方面，根据调研的钢铁生产过程副产煤气（高炉煤气为主）的基本数据，分析钢铁生产过程与煤气伴生特点，掌握各种副产煤气的理化特性。开展并完成基于中低温余热回收的不抽真空分离式热管试验平台的设计工作，建立了基于exergy分析的多目标优化模型，正在开展不同品位及波动性余能(蒸汽)的回收利用特性研究。在煤气压缩系统内部流动机理方面，研究组对叶轮机械叶片全三维反问题优化设计方法进行研究，新开发的全三维叶片反问题方法，相比正问题方法，获得同样精度的叶型可以减少2倍以上计算时间。在此基础上，探讨弯叶片对多级轴流压缩机变工况性能的影响。结果表明：叶片正弯有利于减少角区回流或分离，压缩系统的工况性能显著改善，特别是喘振裕度可提高10%左右。在低热值副产煤气洁净稳燃技术方面，建立了针对CO为主要成分，同时含有大量惰性气体、不含氢气（或极微量氢气）、且目标热值在800～1200kCal/m3的低热值燃气洁净稳燃实验台。设计了锥形稳燃头部、多涡旋燃烧稳燃头部，及其配套燃烧室。实验考察了惰性气体含量对于低热值燃气燃烧特性和熄火极限的影响。实验初步实现了模拟864～1052kCal/m3的低热值副产煤气的稳定燃烧。在低热值燃气-蒸汽联合循环系统的变工况特性研究方面，以燃气轮机、煤气压缩机为核心，分别讨论了燃气轮机涡轮进口温度、燃料组分（热值）和煤气压缩机出口压力对燃气轮机热效率的影响。研究表明：（1）随着透平进口温度的增加，燃机效率和机组净效率均增加；（2）随着燃料热值的增加，燃气轮机净效率η2略有增加；（3）随着煤气压缩机出口压力增加，燃气轮机效率基本不变，但净效率显著下降。

A novel tri-adsorber air-prepurification process is proposed. This process is expected to reduce the energy consumption of the TSA air-prepurification system about 30%, and can play a positive role in the achievement of the energy conservation and consume reduction in steel production. The simulation model of the TSA process was developed, and it was proved that the tri-adsorber air-prepurification process can provide a significant energy-saving result and a dependable purification performance through the numerical simulation. Preliminary experiment proves that the air products of the triadsorberair-prepurification process conform to industry standard. The physical and chemical characteristics of various byproduct gas was obtained. The test platform of the separate heat pipe, which is used exhaused heat recovery of medium and low temperature and is not neet to vacuumize, was designed. The multi-objective optimization model by exergy analysis was established. Recently, research on recycling characteristics from various grade and variation rule of waste energy (steam) is establishing. Full-3D inverse optimization design method for turbomachinary blade was studied by our research team. Compared with the direct problem, the calculation time of inverse optimization design can be reduced more than 2 times in the same accuracy. The results show that positive curved stator can significantly improve the off-design performance of gas compression systems. It also can reduce the flow separation in the corner. The surge margin can be increased about 10 percent. This study brings out a new combustion stability method for the LHV fuels, and it is different from the typical swirl-cup. The method "Multi-vortexes Combustion" reconstructs the recirculation region, and diverges the large counter flow from the prime combustion holes. The new combustor is promissing for the LHV fuels down to 1200 kCal/m3. To acquire the off-design performance of gas-steam combined cycle power plant using low calorific value gas, effects on system thermal efficiency of the variables such as turbine inlet temperature, fuel calorific value and gas compressor outlet pressure have been studied.The results show that: (1)when the turbine inlet temperature increases, both of the gas turbine efficiency and the system net efficiency are rising; (2)when the fuel calorific value grows, the net system efficiency increases slightly.