制度创业的条件、实施和制度变革——以京东金融为例

The Condition,Implementation and Institutional Changes of Institutional Entrepreneurship——Taking Jingdong Finance as the Example

制度创业是创业者创造和开发盈利机会的重要途径。制度创业的关键条件是场域特点和创业者的社会地位。在场域方面,社会动荡、技术进步和规制改变等都有可能打破社会建构的平衡,引发新思想的出现;而创业者在场域中的社会地位影响着创业者的场域感知和资源获取能力。制度创业的过程充满挑战,创业者要预见各种困难,构建吸引盟友的变革愿景,动员盟友支持其创业,掌握话语策略,调动各种资源,运用相关权力和社会资本。制度变革是创业的前提和最终结果,对创业的最终结果具有修正和改进作用,同时影响下一次制度创业的可能前提。两次创业的基础会有一定差异,但整体上呈现螺旋式上升的趋势。

Institutional entrepreneurship is the important way for entrepreneurs to create and develop opportunities for profitearning.The key conditions for institutional entrepreneurship include the field characteristics and the social position of entrepreneurs. In terms of field,social turbulence,technological progress and changes in regulation will all lead to social restructuring and introduce new thinking;and the social position of entrepreneurs in the field will have impact on entrepreneurs’perception and capacity for resource-seeking. The process of institutional entrepreneurship is full of challenges,which needs the entrepreneurs to have the ability to foresee different kinds of difficulties,foster their vision for changes that will be attractive to their allies,mobilize the allies to provide support,understand the strategy of speech,and take advantage of different resources,powers and social capital. Institutional change is the precondition and final results of entrepreneurship,which will amend and improve the fruits of entrepreneurship,and have impact on the possible precondition of next entrepreneurship. There will be some differences between these two times of entrepreneurship,but there will exist the trend of spiral rise.