交易平台、专用知识与柔性生产关系的实证研究——基于曹县淘宝村调研

An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Trading Platform,Special Knowledge and Flexible Production Based on the Investigation of Caoxian Country,the Taobao Village

随着电子商务交易技术的扩散和普及,以淘宝网为代表的电商平台推动多元经济主体创新创业,重构或升级城乡产业形态与经济生态系统。对曹县淘宝村产业集群进行实地调研,识别刻画生产网络主导下曹县淘宝产业生态系统结构与特征,检验交易平台、专用知识、柔性生产三者间互动关系可以发现,受自身知识、技能、经验等影响,网商对淘宝平台基础服务、增值服务、延伸服务的选择偏好存在明显差异,淘宝平台的信息黏性降低了网商跟随竞争的成本,使柔性生产变得不可持续;网店运营、服装设计等高附加值工作的外包引致了网商的路径依赖,不利于专用知识的积累与提升,降低了生产柔性;淘宝平台与专用知识提供方之间存在紧密的价值协同关系。因此,为进一步提高产业集群升级动力,要注重专用性技能学习,提升内生增长动力;要坚持差异化竞争,建构比较优势;要优化产业发展环境,提高产业集群复杂性;要搭建公共技术与知识交流平台,切实解决行业发展共性技术难题。

With the diffusion and popularization of e-commerce transaction technology,e-commerce,like Taobao,has been promoting multiple economic actors innovation and entrepreneurship,and reconstructing or upgrading urban and rural industrial form and economic ecosystem. Based on the analysis of literature,the authors construct the theoretical framework and research hypothesis of trading platform,special knowledge and flexible production from the perspective of value co-creation. Through the field research,the structure and characteristics of Caoxian Taobao industry ecosystem,which is dominated by the production network,are identified and characterized,and the interactive relationship between trading platform,special knowledge and flexible production is tested empirically. First,influenced by their knowledge,skills and experience,there exists obvious differences in online enterprises’preferences on the basis of network services,value- added services and extended services.Because of information stickiness,Taobao platform reduces the cost of following competition so that the flexible production is not sustainable. Second,through outsourcing high value-added work,such as online shop operating and clothing design,network operators have formed path-dependence,which is not conducive to accumulate and improve special knowledge,thereby reducing the production flexibility. And third,there is a close relationship between Taobao platform and special knowledge providers. So to further improve the driving force for industrial cluster upgrading,first,we should pay more attention to the learning of special knowledge and improve the intrinsic growth motivation;second,we should insist on differentiated competition and foster the comparative advantages;third,we should optimize the environment of industrial development and improve the complexity of industrial cluster;and fourth,we should build public platform for technology and knowledge exchanges and solve the common technological problem for industrial development.