银山铅锌矿对土壤微生物代谢活性的影响

Impacts of Pb and Zn from Yinshan Mine on the Microbial Metabolic Activities in Soil

本文以银山铅锌矿为研究对象，土样采自三个不同功能区(主采矿区，酸性废水沟附近，农田土壤)，每个功能区采集3个不同深度的剖面样品（0~20cm，20~40cm，40~60cm），利用内梅罗土壤综合污染指数法对土壤样品进行重金属污染评价。结果显示：主采矿区由于长期重金属开采污染情况较严重，内梅罗指数范围为3.75~6.17，达到了中度污染以上水平。其他地区污染相对较轻，除了农田土壤20~40cm土样外，基本都处于轻度污染或安全水平。应用微量热法和脲酶相结合的方法对土壤中的微生物活性进行研究发现，微生物代谢活性受到土壤重金属污染的抑制，主采矿区土壤中总放热量Q和生长速率常数k均为三个地区最低。用SPSS软件进行相关性分析表明，生长速率常数k，总放热量Q与内梅罗指数有显著的相关性。生长速率常数k为微生物代谢中具有代表性的指标。

This study mainly focus on Yinshan mine. Soil samples were collected from three different areas ( main mining area, area near acid mine drainage pipe, farmland near Jishui river). From each site, three different samples were collected from different depth (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm). Nemerow index was applied to assess the heavy metal pollution in soil samples. The results revealed that heavy metal pollution in main mining area was serious due to long- term mining activity.The nemerow index ranged from 3.75 to 6.17, which was above middle high pollution. The other areas had relatively lighter pollution, which were light or warning level except sample 8. The combination of microcalorimetry and urease method were used to study the microbial metabolism activity in soils.The results showed that microbial activity was inhibited by heavy metal pollution, the total released heat Q, the constant growth rate k were lowest among the three areas. The SPSS software was used to analyze correlation between different parameters, which showed that the total released heat Q, the constant growth rate k had high correlation with nemerow index. The constant growth rate k was representative indicator in microbial metabolism.