泰山黑虎峪灯下昆虫群落结构及多样性的时间动态研究

Temporal Dynamics of Community Structure and Diversity of Insects under an Ultraviolet Lamp in Heihu Valley Mountain Tai

泰山是物种资源丰富的名川大山，但关于泰山昆虫群落结构及多样性的研究甚少，选取泰山黑虎峪区域作为研究对象，明确该区域灯下昆虫的发生种类、发生动态、群落结构、多样性，为今后泰山的昆虫生态学以及多样性保护提供依据。于2015年4?11月，在泰山黑虎峪区域内设置虫情测报灯，对该区域的昆虫进行诱集，统计不同时间段昆虫发生的种类和数量，对灯下昆虫群落结构及多样性进行研究，采用模糊聚类的方法对不同时间段的群落特征指数进行分类。期间共诱集到昆虫5230头，隶属8目50科147种。鳞翅目昆虫在群落中占的比例最大，为48.95%，其中夜蛾科为发生量最大、种类最多的一个类群，相对多度为0.311，发生量占总昆虫群落物种的13.33%；昆虫物种丰富度动态变化分别在6月20日、8月9日、10月9日出现3个峰值，种群发生动态分别于6月20日、10月9日出现2个峰值；Shannon多样性指数H′于8月9日到达最大值，10月份以后开始随气温降低而降低；群落优势度指数C与H′的变化趋势基本相反，群落均匀度指数J与H′的变化趋势基本一致。对不同时期的昆虫群落进行模糊聚类分析，其结果显示：当阈值T=0.975时，可将总昆虫群落的20次调查结果聚为8类，分别为：A1={5.10}；A2={7.19}；A3={6.20}；A4={8.09}；A5={8.19}；A6={7.09，6.29，10.19}；A7={10.09，9.19，9.09，9.29，6.10，8.31，10.31，7.30，5.21，5.31}；A8={5.01，11.09}。泰山黑虎峪区域内昆虫物种丰富度、发生数量、群落组成以及群落特征指数随时间的变化规律，对于泰山昆虫多样性保护具有指导意义；聚类结果反应了各阶段物种种类、数量以及昆虫群落特征指数发生时间上存在的差异；聚类出现交替现象，反应了群落结构的复杂性以及非生物因素对昆虫群落动态的影响。

Moutain Tai is famous and full in resources, but it is less to be studied on the community structure and diversity in Mountain Tai. In this paper, we selected Heihu Valley as research subjects to define the occurrence dynamics of insects,community structure, diversity under ultraviolet lamp to provide the scientific basis for the insect ecology and biodiversity protection in the future. The insects were trapped by ultraviolet lamp in Heihu Valley from April to November 2015 to record the number of insect species, and the data was also used to sample to research insect community. The basic characteristics ofthe insect community were analyzed by using basic features of the community characteristics index. Hierarchical clustering was used to classify the temporal dynamics of various community indexes. 147 species of insect were belonging to 8 orders,50 families were collected during the investigation. Based on the principles of community ecology and the method of fuzzyclustering, the results showed that the Lepidoptera was the most abundant taxa, comprising 48.95%, and Noctuidae was mosttaxa of occurrence and number, relative abundance of 0.311 and 13.33% of the total community of species; The speciesrichness appeared three peaks on 20th June, 9thAugust and 9th October, the community dynamics appeared two peaks on 20thJune and 9th October. The Shannon Index H 'reaches a maximum on 9th August, then declined with the lower temperatures after October; The opposite trend of evenness index J and H ' substantially, and the consistent trend of Dominance index Cand H' basically. The 20 investigations were conducted on structural features of the insect community, it could be clusteredinto 8 clusters(T=0.975).i.e.,A1={5.10};A2={7.19};A3={6.20};A4={8.09};A5={8.19};A6={7.09,6.29,10.19};A7={10.09,9.19,9.09,9.29,6.10,8.31,10.31,7.30,5.21,5.31};A8={5.01,11.09}. This study revealed community structure and diversity in temporal sequence of insect community, it was significant for insect biodiversity conservation;Clustering resultsreflect the differences of species and number occurrence of insect community characteristics index in temporal sequence;Meanwhile, the temporal overlaps between clusters revealed complexity in the total community, it reflected that non-biological factors had the largest impact on insect community.