私塾里有没有课间休息的安排?

Are there any Class-interval-like Arrangements in Si-shu?

传统私塾是个别授业模式的代表,除了教学要求严格之外,对学习之余的休息及排泄也有特别的规定,俗称"出恭"。"出恭"有别于班级授课制之下的课间休息,实为科举制的衍生物。生活于其中的儿童,精神上备受压迫,也易养成其变态及欺骗的心理,故而被视为传统教育中不够人道之处。清末实行新式学校教育,休息制度得到正式承认,整个学校生活也因之得以改变。

As the typical model of individual instructions, Si-shu had its regulations for breaks and excretion called Chu-gong, which was a derivative from Chinese imperial examination system and therefore differed from class intervals in class-based teaching system. Children were spiritually oppressed by the regulations and easier to form abnormal attitudes to cheat. With the establishment of new modern education system, class interval has been acknowledged as a norm,which has changed the whole school life.