道家文化对当代生态德育的价值启示

Value Enlightenment of Taoism to Contemporary Ecological Moral Education

在中国传统生态文化中,道家文化以独特的视角思考"天人"关系,蕴涵着深刻的、丰富的道家生态智慧,具有"鲜明的价值意识"。道家文化以"道"为核心,把人、生物和一切非生命物体视作一个一个相互联系、协同共生的宇宙整体,主张"天人合一""道法自然"的生态平等观、"天网恢恢,疏而不失"的生态整体观、"知常曰明""知止不殆"的生态保护观,把人际道德从社会领域拓展和延伸至自然领域,凸显天、地、人万物平等、和谐相处的生态伦理智慧,为当下的生态德育提供了理论的启迪和内容的传承。道家文化注重用实际行动来践行其思想观念,倡导修德为先、尚德为荣、践德为要的道德实践原则,主张用君子修身、道法自然的修德方法,以达到行不言之教;以道德修养与道德教化为途径,倡导"以德服人"的"仁政";以"君子节用,知足知止"的生态实践方法,倡导人们自觉保护自然资源等"修身正心"德育方法,实现由内向外、推己及人的自觉修养,使道德教育这种修身养性的个人生活方式,逐渐转变为促进人与自然、人与社会以及人自身和谐的整体生存方式。

In Chinese traditional ecological culture, Taoism, with a unique perspective on the“human ? nature” relationship, contains profound and abundant Taoist ecological wisdom and“distinctive value consciousness”.Taking“Tao”as the core, Taoism regards human beings, living beings and all non ? living objects as an interconnecting and co?existing universal integration. It advocates concepts of ecological equality, such as“human?nature unity”and“Tao follows nature”, ecological holism, like“justice has long arms”, and views of ecological protection, including“to know the eternal is to be enlightened”and“to know when to stop is to avoid danger”.Taoism expands interpersonal moral from social field to natural sphere, highlighting the ecological ethic wisdom that all things are equal and harmonious, and thus provides theoretical enlightenment and connotation inheritance for present ecological moral education. Taoism emphasizes the practicing of its ideology and the principles of moral practices, including giving top priority to moral cultivation and promoting self?cultivation through learning from nature. It advocates moral cultivation and education to realize the“benevolent governance”and“winning people by virtue”. In ecological practice, it encourages frugality and“stopping at appropriate time”to protect natural resources and“rectify minds”. In doing so, Taoism desires to fulfill the cultivation from inside to outside and from oneself to others, and gradually transforms the individual lifestyle of moral education into a holistic lifestyle of human being to promote the harmony between human and nature, between people and society as well as among people themselves.