有序介孔三氧化二锰负载PdPt合金:一种高效的甲烷催化燃烧催化剂（英文）

Catalytic performance enhancement by alloying Pd with Pt on ordered mesoporous manganese oxide for methane combustion

甲烷作为一种清洁廉价的碳氢能源,广泛应用于运输业和其它工业领域.但是其本身是一种比二氧化碳导致全球变暖效应更强的温室气体,而且甲烷直接燃烧会产生其它污染物,比如一氧化碳、氮氧化物、未充分燃烧的碳氢化合物等.因此有必要开展有关甲烷催化燃烧的研究工作,以大幅度降低起燃温度,提高燃烧效率,有效地减少污染副产物的产生.由于具有较好的低温催化活性,Pd基催化剂常用于甲烷的催化燃烧.但是Pd基催化剂也存在一些亟需解决的问题,比如在催化燃烧过程中活性相结构不稳定.PdO通常被认为是碳氢化合物催化氧化中的活性相,但是在高温下PdO分解为Pd,导致催化活性下降.PdO遇到含水或硫的化合物时会生成惰性的Pd(OH)_2或稳定的硫化物,造成活性物种的流失,从而降低催化剂的性能.如果在材料中添加另一种贵金属Pt,使之与Pd一起形成贵金属合金,则可提高其低温催化燃烧的活性,增加Pd基催化剂的热稳定性以及抗水和抗硫能力.另一方面,过渡金属氧化物价格便宜,热稳定性以及抗硫性较好,也常作为甲烷燃烧的催化剂.其中三氧化二锰由于具有可变的氧化态以及较好的储氧能力受到了广泛关注.本课题组采用KIT-6作为硬模板,先合成具有有序介孔结构的Mn_2O_3(meso-Mn_2O_3)纳米催化剂,然后通过聚乙烯醇(PVA)保护的液相共还原法分别制备meso-Mn_2O_3担载Pd,Pt及PdPt合金的纳米催化剂(x(Pd_yPt)/meso-Mn_2O_3;x=(0.10-1.50)wt%;Pd/Pt摩尔比(y)=4.9-5.1).XRD结果表明,合成的meso-Mn_2O_3具有立方相晶体结构.其BET比表面积为106 m^2/g.由TEM照片可观察到粒径范围为2.1-2.8 nm的贵金属纳米颗粒均匀分散在meso-Mn_2O_3表面.通过XPS分析可知,结合能在529.6和531.2 eV的峰可分别归属于晶格氧(O_(latt))和表面吸附氧(O_(ads)).Pd^0和Pd^(2+)以及Pt^0和Pt^(2+)也均可通过曲线拟合后进行分峰确定.XPS定量分析结果表明,样品的O_(ads)/O_(latt)摩尔比有如下顺序:1.41(Pd_(5.1)Pt)/meso-Mn_2O_3(0.77)>1.40Pd/meso-Mn_2O_3(0.69)>0.72(Pd_(5.1)Pt)/meso-Mn_2O_3(0.65)>1.42Pt/meso-Mn_2O_3(0.63)>0.07(Pd4.9Pt)/meso-Mn_2O_3(0.53)>0.07(Pd_(4.9)Pt)/bulk-Mn_2O_3(0.52)>meso-Mn_2O_3(0.45),这与其催化活性的顺序一相致.该结果表明,高的吸附氧物种浓度有利于甲烷催化燃烧.负载Pd,Pt或Pd Pt以后的样品的表面吸附氧物种浓度显著提高,催化活性最好的1.41(Pd_(5.1)Pt)/meso-Mn_2O_3样品具有最高的吸附氧物种浓度.负载PdPt合金可有效提高催化剂对甲烷燃烧的催化活性.1.41(Pd_(5.1)Pt)/meso-Mn_2O_3催化剂的活性最好:在空速为20000 mL/(g×h)的条件下,甲烷燃烧的T_(10%),T_(50%)和T_(90%)分别为265,345和425 ℃.此外,还考察了引入一定量的SO_2,CO_2,H_2O和NO对甲烷在1.41(Pd_(5.1)Pt)/meso-Mn_2O_3催化剂上氧化反应的影响,发现引入少量的Pt可提高催化剂抗SO_2,CO_2和H_2O的能力,但是NO对甲烷燃烧的还原效应也不可忽视.基于催化剂物化性质的表征结果和活性数据,我们认为1.41(Pd_(5.1)Pt)/meso-Mn_2O_3优异的催化性能与其拥有高质量的三维有序多孔结构、高的吸附氧物种浓度、优良的低温还原性以及Pd-Pt合金与meso-Mn_2O_3载体之间的强相互作用有关.

Ordered mesoporous Mn2O3 (meso‐Mn2O3) and meso‐Mn2O3‐supported Pd, Pt, and Pd‐Pt alloy x(PdyPt)/meso‐Mn2O3; x = (0.10?1.50) wt%; Pd/Pt molar ratio (y) = 4.9?5.1 nanocatalysts were prepared using KIT‐6‐templated and poly(vinyl alcohol)‐protected reduction methods, respectively.The meso‐Mn2O3 had a high surface area, i.e., 106 m2/g, and a cubic crystal structure. Noble‐metalnanoparticles (NPs) of size 2.1?2.8 nm were uniformly dispersed on the meso‐Mn2O3 surfaces. AlloyingPd with Pt enhanced the catalytic activity in methane combustion; 1.41(Pd5.1Pt)/meso‐Mn2O3gave the best performance; T10%, T50%, and T90% (the temperatures required for achieving methaneconversions of 10%, 50%, and 90%) were 265, 345, and 425 °C, respectively, at a space velocity of20000 mL/(g?h). The effects of SO2, CO2, H2O, and NO on methane combustion over1.41(Pd5.1Pt)/meso‐Mn2O3 were also examined. We conclude that the good catalytic performance of1.41(Pd5.1Pt)/meso‐Mn2O3 is associated with its high‐quality porous structure, high adsorbed oxygen species concentration, good low‐temperature reducibility, and strong interactions between Pd‐Pt alloy NPs and the meso‐Mn2O3 support.