Enhancing hydrothermal stability of nano-sized HZSM-5 zeolite by phosphorus modification for olefin catalytic cracking of full-range FCC gasoline

磷改性纳米HZSM-5沸石水热稳定性及其对全馏分FCC汽油烯烃组分催化裂解反应的性能（英文）

In this study, phosphorus modification by trimethyl phosphate impregnation was employed to enhance the hydrothermal stability of nano‐sized HZSM‐5 zeolites. A parallel modification was studied by ammonium dihydrogen phosphate impregnation. The modified zeolites were subjected to steam treatment at 800 °C for 4 h (100% steam) and employed as catalysts for olefin catalyticcracking (OCC) of full‐range fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline. X‐ray diffraction, N2 physicaladsorption and NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption analysis indicated that, although significantimprovements to the hydrothermal stability of nano‐sized HZSM‐5 zeolites can be observedwhen adopting both phosphorus modification strategies, impregnation with trimethyl phosphatedisplays further enhancement of the hydrothermal stability. This is because higher structural crystallinityis retained, larger specific surface areas/micropore volumes form, and there are greaternumbers of surface acid sites. Reaction experiments conducted using a fixed‐bed micro‐reactor(catalyst/oil ratio = 4, time on stream = 4 s) showed OCC of full‐range FCC gasoline-under a fluidized‐bed reaction mode configuration-to be a viable solution for the olefin problem of FCC gasoline.This reaction significantly decreased the olefin content in the full‐range FCC gasoline feed, andspecifically heavy‐end olefins, by converting the olefins into value‐added C2–C4 olefins and aromatics.At the same time, sulfide content of the gasoline decreased via a non‐hydrodesulfurization process.Nano‐sized HZSM‐5 zeolites modified with trimethyl phosphate exhibited enhanced catalytic performance for OCC of full‐range FCC gasoline.

水热稳定性是决定沸石分子筛工业应用价值的重要影响因素.众所周知,沸石材料的水热稳定性主要受其拓扑机构及骨架硅铝组成的影响,但同时也受其晶粒尺寸的影响.纳米级HZSM-5沸石虽然具有优异的催化性能及抗积碳失活性能,但由于晶粒尺寸较小,导致其水热稳定性较差.如何提高纳米HZSM-5沸石的水热稳定性,使其能够在高苛刻度的水热环境下(如催化裂化过程,催化剂再生需在高于700℃的水热条件下进行)得到应用,是十分有意义的课题.已有研究表明,磷改性可以提高ZSM-5沸石的水热稳定性,但多集中于采用磷酸、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢铵等无机磷化物进行改性,水热稳定性提高效果不能令人满意.我们研究组采用有机磷化合物磷酸三甲酯改性纳米HZSM-5沸石,在提高纳米HZSM-5沸石水热稳定性方面取得了较好的效果.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)、氮气物理吸附、氨气吸附红外光谱等手段对改性沸石进行了表征.结果表明,采用磷酸三甲酯改性的纳米HZSM-5沸石水热稳定性得到明显提高,沸石经苛刻的高温水蒸气处理(800℃,4 h)后,在相对结晶度、孔结构、酸度的保留度方面具有较大提高,提高幅度明显高于无机磷化合物磷酸氢二铵改性的纳米HZSM-5沸石.在上述研究基础上,我们采用固定床微反模拟流化床反应条件对磷改性纳米HZSM-5沸石上全馏分FCC汽油烯烃组分催化裂解反应进行了研究.结果表明,在反应温度540℃,剂/油比等于4,油剂接触时间约为4 s的条件下,全馏分FCC汽油在磷改性纳米HZSM-5沸石上经烯烃组分催化裂解反应后,油品烯烃含量(尤其是重烯烃)明显降低,生成了大量高附加值的C2–C4烯烃,同时油品中芳烃含量增加.与此同时,经烯烃组分裂解后的油品还呈现出辛烷值升高,硫含量降低的有利变化.可以看出,磷改性纳米HZSM-5沸石上全馏分FCC汽油烯烃组分催化裂解是解决FCC汽油烯烃含量高的一条有效途径,充分克服了现有FCC汽油加工工艺存在的一些缺陷,如S-zorb工艺功能单一、成本高;加氢脱硫工艺油品辛烷值损失大、氢耗高;以及OTA技术(本研究组之前的工作)烯烃转化率低、催化剂积碳失活快等缺陷.值得注意的是,磷酸三甲酯改性的纳米HZSM-5沸石在全馏分FCC汽油烯烃组分催化裂解反应性能方面,明显比磷酸二氢铵改性的纳米HZSM-5沸石表现优异.通过我们的研究可以认为,磷酸三甲酯改性将会为纳米HZSM-5沸石在高苛刻度水热条件下的应用提供更多的机会.