火星稀薄大气动态误差对制动降轨的影响

Effect of Mars rarefied atmospheric dynamic error during aerobraking

针对火星大气制动降轨过程中稀薄流区大气受季节和昼夜等因素影响而存在较大动态误差的问题,建立气动力作用下的轨道动力学方程,研究探测器稀薄流气动参数计算方法,分析大气参数动态误差对气动力及制动降轨效果的影响。结合火星探测应用,仿真分析火星大气制动过程中的探测器气动特性以及轨道变化特性。为保证探测器制动过程中的安全和持续时间要求,给出了理想的大气制动降轨走廊范围及导航精度需求,具有一定的工程参考价值。

Aimed at the problem which Mars can rarefy atmospheric dynamic errors that caused by seasonal variations and diurnal changes during Mars areobraking, the orbital dynamic equation including aerodynamic force was established. Through the research of aerodynamic parameter calculation method applied to rarefied flo w , the effect of dynamic errors on aerodynamic force and aerobrake result was analyzed. In consideration of the application in Mars exploration, the characteristics of aerodynamic and orbit during Mars aerobraking were simulated under the condition that the atmospheric dynamic errors exist. To assure the safety of spacecraft and the aerobraking duration, the corridor of aerobraking and the requirement of navigation were proposed. The result can be a reference for the aerobraking implementation of future Chinese Mars exploration.