综合护理干预对缩短气管切开患者拔管时间的影响

Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on reducing extubation time of tracheotomy patients

目的：探讨综合护理干预措施对缩短气管切开患者拔管时间的影响。方法:选择我科2013年4月?2014年4月因颅脑损伤后行气管切开术的患者150例，随机等分为试验组和对照组。对照组给予气管切开术后常规护理，试验组在常规护理基础上，早期应用自制气管切开集痰装置配合呼吸咳嗽训练，气管导管按压刺激训练，半卧位-坐位-站立-搀扶行走训练，应用自制气管切开封管帽训练及个体化护理等综合护理干预措施。比较两组患者气管套管留置时间、套管拔除成功率和平均住院时间。结果:试验组拔管时间短于对照组(P<〇.〇5)，套管拔除成功率显著高于对照组(P<〇.〇5)，平均住院时间显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:综合护理干预措施可以有效缩短气管切开患者的拔管时间，缩短平均住院时间，减轻患者痛苦和经济负担，提高患者生活质量。

Objective:To explore the effect of comprehensive nursing interventions on shortening extubation time of tracheotomy patients.Methods:Selected150patients who underwent tracheotomy after craniocerebral injury from April2013to April2014in our departments and randomly divided them into experimentalgroup and control group.In the control group,routine care was given after the tracheotomy.In the experimental group,on the basis of routine nursing,comprehensive nursing interventions were applied,such as homemade tracheotomy putum collection device combined with breathing and coughing training,tracheal tube compression stimulation training,walking training of semi-recumbent-sitting-standing,self-made tracheal incision closure cap trainingand individualized nursing.The duration of tracheal intubation,the success rate of extraction and average time of hospital stay were compared between the twogroups.Results:The extubation time of the experimental group was shorter than that of the control group(P<0.05).The success rate of extraction of the experimentalgroup was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The average time of hospital stay of the experimental group was significantlyshorter than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comprehensive nursing intervention measures can shorten the extubation time of tracheotomypatients,shorten the average hospitalization time,relieve pain and economic burden of the patients and improve the quality of life of patients.