基于虚拟现实的航天员舱内导航训练方法

Virtual Reality Based Training Methods for Navigation in Space Station

为了帮助航天员掌握在失重环境下依赖视觉信息进行舱内导航的技能,提出2种训练方法并探讨其优劣.首先利用虚拟现实技术建立了空间站模型,模拟航天员以不同身体姿态漫游时获取的视觉反馈,设计了强调舱段视觉正向的局部正向法和注重空间站视觉正向的整体正向法,并开展实验探究;然后通过数据分析得出文中方法对导航任务绩效存在显著影响,其中局部正向法能够强化地标和路线知识;而整体正向法有利于建立完整的空间认知地图,并且适合于低能见度条件下的应急撤离训练.

To train astronauts’navigation skills which rely on visual cues in weightlessness,two virtualtraining methods were proposed and discussed.Firstly,we employed virtual reality technique to establish asimulated space station,providing variable viewpoints for astronauts’movement with different body orientations.Then an experiment was conducted by comparing“Local”method which emphasized local visualverticals with“Global”method which focused on the entire space station.Experimental results show thattraining methods have a significant effect on navigation performance.Local training enhances landmark androute knowledge,global training helps to develop an integrated cognitive map and fits for evacuation trainingunder low visibility conditions.