坝基面受力状态的有限元计算误差影响分析

Impact analysis on finite element calculation error of the forced state of dam base surface

有限元数值计算在水利工程中运用广泛,其计算精度和计算误差是需要考虑和控制的重要问题,对其进行研究可为有限元法在水利设计和复核中提供技术支撑。以重力坝为研究载体,根据坝体荷载合力值与有限元计算的坝基面内力值(坝基面应力积分值)的平衡条件,分析有限元应力计算误差的影响因素,提出减小误差的措施。研究结果表明:在同一受力状态下,提取应力的对象不同计算误差不同,需针对所研究的问题及误差控制要求合理选择相应提取应力的对象;将紧接坝体的薄层地基保持与坝体相同的模型尺寸和约束条件,可充分减小坝基面有限元应力计算误差;合理选择模型网格尺寸、地基模拟范围、应力提取路径的条数、提取点间距,可在不消耗过量的计算资源和时间下满足精度要求。研究成果可为控制类似结构的有限元计算误差提供参考。

Finite element numerical calculation is widely used in hydraulic engineering.Its accuracy and error is one of the important problems that need to be considered and controlled.Studies on this issue can provide technical support for the FEM in the design and check of hydraulic engineering.Gravity dam was used as the object of research.The factors influencing the error in finite element stress calculation were analyzed by comparing the resultant load value of the gravity dam with the internal force value of the dam base surface from finite element calculation(integral value of stress of dam base surface).The results showed that extracting the stress from different objects results in different finite element calculation error,even under the same stress state.It is necessary to select the proper object to extract the stress from according to the research goal and error control requirements.The error can be greatly reduced by making the thin-layer foundation adjacent to the dam the same size and in the same constraint condition as the dam body.Proper determination on mesh size,simulation range of foundation,number of paths to extract the stress,and spacing of extracting points can meet the required precision without overly consuming resources or time.The results can provide reference for controlling the finite element calculation error in similar projects.