野生中泰南五味子果实的形态及营养成分分析

Analyses on morphology and nutrient component in fruit of wild Kadsura ananosma

中泰南五味子(KadsuraananosmaKerr)为五味子科(Schisandraceae)南五味子属(KadsuraKaempf.exJuss.)攀缘植物[1]14,其根、藤茎、果实是珍贵的傣药,具有收敛固涩、益气生津、补肾宁心的作用。对中泰南五味子化学成分的研究结果表明:中泰南五味子体内含有较多的木脂素类和三萜类成分,其中20多个成分为其特有成分,这些成分具有抗氧化、抗HIV病毒等药理活性[2-5]。中泰南五味子果实具有果大、肉多、酸甜可口等特点,还可作为野生水果食用,但目前对中泰南五味子果实的相关研究尚未见报道;相关志书[1]15,[6]234对其果实的基本描述也不完整,甚至空缺。为此,作者对野生中泰南五味子果实的形态特征进行观察,并对其营养成分进行分析,以期完善中泰南五味子果实的基础研究数据,为其深入开发和利用提供依据。

The morphological index and main nutrient component in mature fruit of wild Kadsura ananosma Kerr from Xishuangbanna of Yunnan were measured and analyzed. The results show that fruit of K. ananosma is aggregate berries and spherical with diameter of 11. 0-16. 5 cm and weight of more than 1 kg. Water content of fruit is 90%. Contents of crude fiber, crude fat, reducing sugar, protein, ash, total acids, total carbohydrates and soluble solid are 17. 1, 11. 3, 9. 2,5. 6, 5. 0, 2. 3, 78. 1 and 82. 8 mg·g-1 , respectively, and energy value is 1. 84 kJ·g-1 . There are sixteen kinds of amino acids, in which, there are seven kinds of essential amino acids, and total content of essential amino acids is1. 93 mg·g-1 . Contents of mineral elements such as K, Ca, Mn and Fe are all higher, while content of Na is lower, in which, content of Kis as high as 2. 22 mg·g-1 . It is indicated that fruit of K. ananosma is big and contains rich nutrients with characteristics of high K, low Na and low energy.