近现代学校武术嬗变及当下发展之路

The Evolution and the Present Development Modern School Wushu

文章采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法,综合分析我国近现代学校武术的近现代发展的历程及原因,并结合当下学校武术发展的现状问题研究今后学校武术发展的路径。研究认为:清末,在西学东渐的环境中,国人被迫开始了睁眼看世界,将西方的"兵式体操"推进学校;民国,军阀混战,外敌入侵,国家千疮百孔,为强种保国,社会精英们和有识之士将武术推进了学校;现代,为了接轨世界,迎接奥运,肢解了传统武术,将竞技武术发展于学校。当下学校武术出现了表面繁荣,实际空虚的局面。研究得出:学校武术的发展于国家的需要、社会环境息息相关。认为当下学校武术的发展之路为:(1)教育理念:坚持"以人为本,健康第一",培养学生"终身习武"意识;(2)武技:"突出技击,强化套路";(3)武德:"以武载德,以武求道";(4)以拳种为单位:坚持"一校一拳"教学内容,实现两条腿走路,以求为当下学校武术的发展提供借鉴,促进学校武术的发展。

The article does a comprehensive analysis of the modern development of China's modem school Wushu course and the reasons with the methods of literature, logic analysis and other methods, , and combined with the status quo of Wushu development in schools and its developing path in the future. The study finds: in the late Qing dynasty, in environment of western sports being introduced in, people forced to start the world, the west 'soldier type gymnastics' was introduced into schools; in the time of theRepublic of China, in the background of warlords and foreign invasion, in order to become a strong nation, social elite and themen with insight promote Wushu development in schools. In modern times, in order to integrate into the world and to greet theOlympic Games, traditional Wushu was dismembered, and the competitive Wushu was developed in schools. At present, schoolWushu appears the surface prosperity, actual situation of emptiness. The study finds the development of school Wushu is closelylinked to the needs of the country, the social environment, and the study believes that school Wushu development should have : (1)the education philosophy of adhering to the 'people-oriented, health first', to cultivate students 'lifelong kung fu' consciousness;(2) Wushu 'outstanding art, strengthening the routines'; (3) the morality development through Wushu practice and exercises; (4) the separated sorts development: adhering to the 'one school one sort' teaching content, implementation on two ways. The study is to provide reference for the development of the present school Wushu, and promote the development of Wushu in schools.