美国重返亚太及中国的战略应对--基于南海海上战略通道的视角

America returns to Asia-Pacific and China's strategy based on the perspective of South China Sea's marine strategic access

美国二战后一直控制着南海的战略咽喉,中国战略利益的延伸威胁到了美国在南海长期形成的控制地位,在此背景下,美国提出了重返亚太的战略,目的在于加强对南海的控制并防范来自中国的挑战,维持其全球霸主地位。本文从南海海上战略通道的视角去研究美国为何重返亚太。研究发现,美国介入南海问题是基于内在动因和外在动因。内在动因是美国的大战略决定了必然要控制海上战略通道以及美国欲把南海变成其全球第17条海上战略通道;外在动因是中国在南海的活动挤压了美国的海上战略通道空间。对中国来说,在不影响国家大战略以及海洋战略的前提下,应该合理地规划战略应对之策。

America has been controlling the strategic chokepoint of South China Sea, and the extension of China’s strategic interest is threatening America’s control status in South China Sea. In this context America put forward the strategy of returning to Asia-Pacific in order to strengthen the control of South China Sea and prevent the challenge from China and maintain its hegemony.This article studies why America returns to Asia-Pacific from the perspective of South China Sea’s marine strategic access. The research found that America intervening in the South China Sea’s dispute is based on internal and external reasons. The internal motivation is that America’s grand strategy determines it must control the marine strategic access and it wants to turn the South China Sea into its global 17th marine strategic access. The external reason is that China’s activities in the South China Sea squeezed America’s space of marine strategic access. China should plan the strategic responses on the premises of not influencing national grand strategy and marine strategy.