骨质疏松患者健康行为干预模型和理论

Health behavior intervention models and theories for osteoporosis patients

骨质疏松是一种全身性代谢性骨疾病,一旦发生,难以逆转,并且会带来很多严重的并发症,如骨痛、骨折等。药物治疗存在一定的局限性,难以根治骨质疏松。在干预中,规范骨质疏松患者的行为可以在很大程度上防止骨质疏松的发生及恶化。国内外研究多致力于骨质疏松的治疗和三级预防。目前,应用于骨质疏松患者干预的理论模型有知识、信念、行为(KAP)模式,健康信念模式(HBM)和动机性访谈(MI)。信息—动机—行为(IMB)技巧模型与以往的健康相关行为改变模式相比,从合理行为理论借鉴了对"动机"的理解,从社会思考理论中引入"自我效能"概念。构建IMB模型既能分析各变量的独立影响,又能分析其通过何种路径作用于最后的行为,为将来骨质疏松的干预提供切入点,对不同人群提出更有针对性干预措施,在骨质疏松患者行为干预方面拥有巨大前景。

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease causing many serious complications such as pain and fracture.It is difficult to reverseonce it happens.Medications have limitations and can't cure the disease.Regulating the behaviors of patients can prevent occurrence and deteriorationof osteoporosis to a great extent.Many studies in china and abroad have been devoted to the treatment and tertiary prevention of osteoporosis.Currentlythe theoretical models for intervention of osteoporosis include the knowledge,attitudes,and practices(KAP)model,the health belief model(HBM),andmotivational interviewing(MI),etc.Compared with previous health related behavior change models,the information-motivation-behavioral(IMB)skillsmodel referred to the understanding of"motivation"from the theory of reasoned action and introduced the concept of"self efficacy"from the theory ofsocial thinking.Building the IMB model can analyze the independent effects of each variable and its routes to affect the final action.So it can providea breakthrough point for intervention of osteoporosis and better targeted interventions for different populations.The IMB model has great prospects inintervening the behaviors of osteoporosis patients.