基于GIS的林火扑救仿真及扑火位置决策方法

GIS Based Method for the Simulation and Location Decision Making of Forest Fire Suppression

森林火灾发生后,及时选择最优扑救位置开展林火扑救具有重要的现实意义;然而从火场不同位置扑火,效果截然不同。借助ArcGIS Engine开发包,首先集成火场周围的地理及气象环境条件,设计实现基于地理元胞自动机的林火扑救过程模拟仿真算法,模拟从不同位置扑火的实际效果。然后在此算法的基础上融入扑火效率最高的限制条件,实现最优扑火切入位置决策方法。结果表明,方法能够将扑火仿真与实际决策很好地结合起来,可避免因对未来火势判断失误导致的决策不当;并为林火扑救前期决策提供可视化且定量化的解决方案。

Choosing the optimal fire suppression position to start forest fire fighting has important practical significanceafter forest fire disaster happened.Fighting fire from different positions leads to very different results.ArcGIS Engine develop kit was used to integrate geographical and meteorological conditions around fire site,and realizedthe forest fire suppression simulation algorithm based on geographical cellular automata to simulate the effectsof firefighting from different locations at first.Then integrated most effective firefight as restrictive condition into theformer algorithm to establish the optimal fire suppression position decision making method.The results show thatthis method can well combine fire suppression simulation with practical decision making to avoid the inappropriatedecision making caused by the misjudgment of future fire behavior,and provide a visual and quantitative solutionfor early decision making of forest fire suppression.