农村土地承包关系长久不变的实现形式

Ways to Realize Permanent Rural Land Contract Relationship

到2023年,我国农村土地承包关系将陆续实现长久不变,基于新时期农村土地"三权分置"的分析范式,长久不变首先是农村土地承包关系长久不变,而与长期稳定相比,长久不变显然是"无期限的不变"和"有条件的不变",其中关键条件便是"家庭延续"。在"长久不变"的制度设计下,必然涉及承包土地的继承问题、退出问题和再分配问题,其中继承方式可概括为家庭存续自动顺延、举家迁移禁止继承、跨越社区禁止继承、五保户抚养人继承、经营权依附承包权等;退出方式可概括为跨越社区先补后退和有偿退出合理补偿;再分配方式可概括为立即分配、排队分配、设定单人最小再分配规模、退出成本等价转移等。这样既能保证真正实现长久不变,又能兼顾农村社区的公平效率问题、规模经营问题、男女平等问题、代际公平问题和土地权益保障问题。

By2023,rural land contract relationship will have realized being permanently unchanged inChina.On the basis of analytic paradigm of the new period’s rural land“three rights division”,the mostimportant is the permanent rural land contract relationship.Compared with“long term stability”,permanentunchangeableness is both“infinite”and“conditional”and one of the key conditions is“familycontinuation”.The institutional design will inevitably involve the issues of inheritance,exit,and reallocation.The inheritance mode can be summarized as automatic family extension,termination of inheritance due tofamily migration or cross-community relocation,the inheritance of dependents from“five-guarantee”families,and business rights affiliated to contract rights etc.;the exit mode can be summarized as reasonablecompensation for exit due to cross-community relocation,which can be paid either before or after exit;thereallocation mode can be summarized as immediate or queuing allocation,allocation after setting a minimumindividual share,equivalent transfer of exit cost,etc.These measures can not only realize permanentunchangeableness of the land contract relationship,but also take care of the fairness and efficiency amongrural communities,large-scale land management,equality between males and females,intergenerationalfairness,and the protection of land rights and interests.