世界的显现与显现的世界——辨析胡塞尔与维特根斯坦的整体性世界观

Emergence of the World and the Emerging World——Husserl and Wittgenstein's Integrated View of the World

西方近代以来的主客二元论哲学体现了近现代性的要求,但是割裂了古希腊传统世界观的整体性,从而带来了西方科学的危机和日常语言世界意义的丧失。为了克服这种主客二元论哲学的缺陷,胡塞尔和维特根斯坦分别提出了"生活世界"和"生活形式"这两个具有后现代意味的哲学观念,这种意义联系的建立重新彰显了世界观的整体性特征。主体与客体之间的意义联系,在胡塞尔那里叫"奠基性",即生活世界的显现作用——显现出科学的意义;在维特根斯坦那里则是通过"语言游戏"而显现(或描述)的"生活形式",这为克服现代科学和文明的危机以及拯救日常生活语言的意义做出了伟大的贡献。

The modern Western subject-object dualism in philosophy reflects the modern needs but breaksthe integration of the ancient Greek traditional world view and,as a result,has brought about the crisis ofWestern science and the loss of meaning for the world of everyday language.To overcome the defect ofdualism,Husserl and Wittgenstein have respectively created the postmodern concepts of“life-world”and“form of life”;the connection of meanings manifests the integrative feature of world outlook.According toHusserl,this meaningful connection of the subject and the object is“foundational”,which presents theemergence of the life-world--the significance of science;according to Wittgenstein,it is a“form of life”presented(or described)through“linguistic games”.They both have made great contribution to overcomingthe crisis of modern science and civilization as well as saving the meanings of the everyday language.