“天籁”与“逍遥”——庄子“听之以气”之审美关照探颐

Sounds of nature and free travel: Aesthetics of Chuang Tzu's “hearing through Qi”

"心斋"作为庄子提出的修持功夫,其实只是达到"听之以气"的逻辑前提,是为实现"游乎天地之一气"所作的主观否定。庄子继承了"气"字本义,并提升了"气"对于个体、社会、自然的功能意义,提出了"通天下一气"思想。"通天下一气"通过"物化"实现了"气"对于纵、横双向的贯通。在此基础上,庄子阐发了"听之以气"的思想,辩证统一了"听之以耳"和"听之以心",并将"天籁"思想具体化。"听之以气"打通了人生在世与"道"本体的隔阂,使"逍遥游"的审美理想有章可循。"听之以气"的真人在逍遥游中与道合一,并以道面向世界。

As Chuang Tzu’s cultivation effort, “xin zhai” is just the logical basis of hearing through Qi and the subjective negation to fulfill “the Tour of Qi with in the Universe.” Chuang Tzu inherits Qi’s original meaning andupgrades its functions for the individual, the society and the nature. He puts forward “Overall Qi under Heaven” which realizes the vertical and horizontal interconnection of Qi. On this basis, Chuang Tzu elaborates “hearing through Qi,”which dialectically unites “hearing with ear” and “hearing with mind” and embodies the thought of sounds of nature.Hearing through Qi breaks down the barrier between being alive and Taoist ontology and offers rules for “free travel.”The authentic person who hears through Qi is integrated with Taoism with which to face the world.