俄罗斯治理变革策略的演变及其对中国的启示

Evolution of Russian reform strategy in governance and its revelation to China

俄罗斯在叶利钦时期"全盘西化"的社会转型虽然打破了苏联"全能型国家"的禁锢,并初步形成了国家与社会多元共治的格局,但畸形的国家治理和低效的"民间治理"使俄罗斯转轨出现了政治上的纷争与动荡、市场经济中的丛林生态以及社会的分裂与混乱,陷入了严重的秩序危机。普京在叶利钦改革所构建的国家与社会关系框架基础上,将更多的俄罗斯元素注入到治理变革当中,努力打造国家治理的权威性和有效性,同时加强以非政府组织为代表的公民社会建设,以此实现国家与社会的"双强均衡",逐渐探索出一条自主化发展的"俄罗斯治理之路"。在复杂的国际和国内形势下,俄罗斯在坚持"强国家"的前提下,不断增强社会的自治能力,并拓展社会的自治空间,构建国家与社会的互动回应机制。俄罗斯国家与社会关系的调整策略以及治理变革路径的演变对处于社会深度转型的中国来说具有重要的借鉴与启示意义。

In Yeltsin era, Russian social transformation with “wholesale westernization” broke its fetters as a “universal state,” and a multiple and mutual-governing pattern of the state and society was established. However, the malformed national governance and ineffective civil governance plunged transforming Russia into political strife and turmoil, law of the jungle in the market economy, and division and chaos in the society. Russia was thrown into serious order crisis.In Putin era, on the basis of Yeltsin’s reform framework, fuses more Russian elements into national governance and reform, exerts efforts to establish the authority and effectiveness of national governance, and strengthens interactive mechanisms of state and society, so as to seek the point of integration of experience of West and Russia and to attempt to explore the road of self-reliance. In recent years, under the complicated international and domestic situation, Russiasticks to the “strong country,” increases social autonomy ability, expands the autonomy space of society, and constructs the response mechanism of the interaction of the state and society. Russia’s strategy of adjusting the relationship of state and society as well as the evolution of the governance path has important reference and enlightenment to China who is now in the depth of the social transformation.