梁启超对“文明”概念的转换及思想资源

Liang Qichao's Conversion of the Concept of "Civilization" and His Ideological Resources

"文明"的古义包含四种价值理想即尚柔不武、崇尚规则、中庸及群体本位下通过个人私德达到的群体和谐,而梁启超则对"文明"古义进行了四层转换,即分别转换为善武、尊重服从法律、进取冒险及个人本位下通过个人的公德承担国家责任。梁启超转换"文明"古义的思想资源主要来源于三个方面:第一,福泽谕吉的文明史观,即以西方的"文明"为标准,通过转换"文明"古义中的非西方成分以实现"文明"概念的更新。第二,福泽谕吉"文明"概念中个人与国家的结构理论,即以个人为本位,以此独立地承担国家的责任。第三,中国传统思想的影响。

The ancient meaning of "civilization" contains four values: Not advocating force, Promoting adherence to the rule, Moderation,Through the individual private moral to achieve group harmony. Liang Qichao converted The ancient meaning of "civilization", The four values were converted to advocating force, Respect the law, Aggressive adventure, Through morality to bear national responsibility. The Ideological Resources of Liang Qichao 's Conversion of the Concept of "Civilization" come from three aspects: First, Fukuzawa Yukichi's civilization theory, which regarded the Western "civilization" as the standard, And the concept of "civilization" is renewed by transforming the non-western elements in the ancient meaning of "civilization". Secondly, Fukuzawa Yukichi's theory of the structure of individual and national, which emphasized individuals bear the responsibility of the State independently. Third, the impact of traditional Chinese thought.