不良政策为何持续:新政治经济学的解释

Why Bad Policies Can Continue:an Interpretation of New Political Economy

公共政策有好坏之分,不良的政策为何会持续?在主流解释路径的基础上,新政治经济学从政治过程、官僚、利益集团、个体选民等方面,深入分析了不良政策持续的原因。新政治经济学认为,从客观上看,政策过程是一个政治过程,受到机会主义和信息不对称导致的交易成本的约束。从主体上看,政策制定者的能力影响着政策的好坏及其变迁,而其对自身利益的追逐会掉入"暂时性收益陷阱"。利益集团为维护和增加政策收益,会倾向于构建"良好"的政企关系,通过寻租导致政策俘获,而政治市场中的个体选民,由于参与政策过程的成本太高,会倾向于选择对某种信仰或观念的偏好,形成"理性胡闹"。新政治经济学对不良政策持续的解释表明,推动不良政策变迁需要进行规则重塑,提高政策制定者的能力,提供激励机制防范政策俘获,推进政策过程的公开性和透明度,实现政策制定和执行现代化。

Public policy is good or bad, why bad policy will continue? Based on the path of mainstream interpretation, NewPolitical Economicanalyses the causes of bad policy continuedin- depth, from the political process, bureaucrat, interestgroups, individual voters and other aspects. From an objective perspective, it consider that policy is a political process, re-strained by the transaction cost which caused by opportunism andasymmetry information. From a subjective perspective,the qualityand variation of policy is influenced by the ability of policy makers, and they will fall into the 'temporary IncomeTrap' for its own interests. In order to maintain and increase the profits of policy,interest groupswill tend to build good rela-tions between government and enterprises,result in political capture through rent-seeking,individual voters which in themarketwill tend to choose a preference of belief or concept,formingthe 'rational nonsense', becausethe cost of participatingin policy process is too high.New Political Economicexplains why the bad policycontinue, which show that should promoteto change bad policy by remodeling the rule, improving ability of the policy-making, providing incentive mechanism to pre-vent the capture of policy, promoting openness and transparencyofthe policy, realizing modernization of policy making andimplementation.