《资本论》视野下的农业集约经营理论与现实

Theory and Real Practice of Intensive Operation in Agriculture from the Perspective of Karl Marx's Das Kapital

粗放经营和集约经营是农业经营的两种基本方式,后者是在前者基础上发展起来的。从我国实际情况出发,农业集约经营还应当表现在开发农业多功能,培育农村新产业、新业态,向农业广度和深度进军。由于存在着农业投资收益递减,合理的集约经营的边界条件是边际成本等于边际收益。农业集约经营的类型包括劳动密集型、资本密集型和技术密集型。地理位置、交通运输、经济发展水平和企业家素质是影响农业集约经营的主要因素。

Intensive and Extensive Production are two basic production forms in agriculture with the latter developed onthe basis of the former. In China, intensive agricultural production should include the development of multi-functional agri-culture, new agricultural industry and new agricultural organizations to further the depth and broadness of agriculture. Dueto diminishing marginal returns in agriculture, the appropriate boundary of intensive agriculture is where marginal revenueequals marginal cost. The type of intensive agricultural production may be labor-intensive, capital-intensive, or technolo-gy-intensive. Geography, transportation cost, level of economic development as well as quality of entrepreneurship are keyfactors affecting the intensive production in agriculture.