中日小学生生活习惯及行为对其运动能力的影响

The Influence of Chinese and Japanese Primary School Students’ Habits and Behaviors on Their Sport Ability

目的：为制定中日小学生成长阶段的合理锻炼规划提供理论依据。方法：随机选取日本埼玉县和中国江西省南康县横市镇773名3-5年级小学生，进行日本文部省制定的《新体能测试》体质健康项目测试，并通过问卷进行小学生生活习惯与性格调查。结果：对体育锻炼兴趣浓厚以及花费更多时间进行运动的中日小学生（8-10岁），较之同龄人的体质健康状况更好；除了柔韧指标外，日本小学生的其它体能指标均优于中国小学生；对于中国小学生而言，体温低于36℃和日常步行数少于8000步可能导致体质健康状况不佳，但睡眠时间与体质健康状况没有显著性关系；拥有开朗性格儿童的体质健康状况相比其它性格小学生更好；没有“恐高症”儿童的肌肉力量、力量和灵敏性更好。结论：中日小学生体格比较差异不明显，日本小学生体能总体状况优于中国小学生；开朗性格与中日小学生运动能力呈正相关。

Purpose:This study is then suggesting the importance of further effort to develop new exercise programs allowing the elementary school children obtaining proper physical techniques considering every growth stage is an urgent issue. Research method:A total of 773 pupils aged 3-5 years were randomly selected from Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and Hengshi Town, Nankang County,Jiangxi Province, China. The physical fitness program was tested by the Japanese Ministry of Education and the questionnaire survey was conducted. Result: The physical fitness other than flexibility of Japanese children were higher than those of Chinese children. A lower body temperature (wake-up time) less than 36C and a lower daily physical activity less than 8000 steps per day were likely tobe negative effects to the lower physical fitness in Chinese children. Sleeping time was not necessarily significant parameter to evaluate physical fitness. On the other hand, the children being able to keep effort with vital personality revealed a higher physical fitness. On top of cheerful personality, the children who are fearless to higher altitude showed higher muscle strength, power, and flexibility.Conclusion: The physical condition of Japanese primary school students is better than that of primary school students in China. The cheerful personality is positively correlated with the athletic ability of primary school students in China and Japan.