油炸对鹅肉理化性质、质构与微观结构的影响

Effect of Deep Frying on Physicochemical Properties,Texture and Microstructure of Goose Meat

为选择鹅肉合适的油炸条件,采用常规物化特性测定方法,研究油炸对鹅肉理化性质、质构与微观结构的影响。结果表明,随油炸温度升高、时间延长,油炸损失率逐渐增加,135℃油炸5 min比120℃油炸2.5 min的损失率增加了12.87%(P<0.05);p H值与剪切力的变化规律相似,呈现出了总体上升趋势,120℃与135℃油炸5 min时,剪切力值分别为40.432 N与55.783 N(P<0.05);油炸后,鹅肉L*值降低,a*值与b*值逐渐增加,135℃油炸5 min的a*值与b*值分别比油炸2.5 min的增加了27.85%与32.95%;油炸后鹅肉硬度、咀嚼性总体变大,弹性、凝聚力、黏性及恢复性总体变小。120℃油炸3.5 min时,肌束膜内出现少许颗粒,125℃油炸3.5 min时,肌束膜变形严重,部分溶解,至135℃油炸5 min时,肌细胞结构已十分模糊。130℃油炸3 min是鹅肉较好的油炸条件,在此条件下,鹅肉损失率为38.24%、剪切力值为41.897 N、色泽金黄、质构特性良好。

In order to select the suitable deep frying conditions for goose meat, the effect of deep frying on its physicochemical properties, texture and microstructure was analyzed by using conventional methods. The results showed that with increasing frying temperature and frying time, the loss rate of goose meat rose gradually. Frying at 135 ℃ for 5 min resulted in a 12.87% higher loss rate than frying at 120 ℃ for 2.5 min (P < 0.05). The pH of goose meat generally increased, and a similar trend was observed for shear force. For samples deep-fried at 120 and 135 ℃ for 5 min, the shear force values were 40.432 and 55.783 N, respectively (P < 0.05). After deep frying, L* value decreased, while a* and b* value significantly increased (P < 0.05); the a* and b* values of goose meat fried at 135 ℃ for 5 min increased by 27.85% and 32.95% when compared with frying at 135 ℃ for 2.5 min, respectively. Additionally, hardness and chewiness generally increased, whereas springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and resilience became smaller. After deep frying at 120 ℃ for 3.5 min, a few granules in the perimysium were observed. The perimysium was seriously deformed and partially dissolved during deep frying at 125 ℃ for 3.5 min. The structure of muscle cells became very blurry after deep frying at 135 ℃ for 5 min. Therefore, frying at 130 ℃ for 3 min was the optimal frying method for goose meat. Under these conditions, the deep-fried goose meat had a loss rate of 38.24%, a shear force value of 41.897 N, a golden color and a good texture.