肠道菌群与大脑双向互动的研究进展

Research progress of the bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota and brain

肠脑轴(GBA)是大脑与肠道之间由神经—内分泌介导的双向应答系统,连接着大脑的情感认知和外周肠道的功能。近年有研究发现,定植于人体肠道内的微生物在脑肠交流中起到了不可或缺的重要作用。一方面,肠道菌群可通过GBA影响大脑的发育与功能;另一方面,大脑也可以通过GBA改变肠道菌群的结构组成。这些发现逐渐形成了一个新的医学研究热点,即"菌群—肠—脑轴"。该文就肠道菌群与大脑之间通过GBA进行的相互作用作一综述,希望为胃肠道和大脑功能领域的研究以及相关疾病的治疗提供一定支持。

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a nerve-endocrine mediated bidirectional communication system between the gut and brain, which links the cognition and emotion in brain to peripheral intestinal function. In recent years, many researches have showed that colonized intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the communication between gut and brain. On one hand, microbiota can influence the development and function of brain via GBA.On the other hand, brain can also change the composition of gut microbiota. These findings gradually become a novel medical research highlight, i.e. the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This paper reviews the interaction between gut microbiota and brain via GBA in order to provide supports for studying functions of gastrointestinal tract and brain, as well as the treatment of related diseases.